היתר מעלין את האיסור והתנן גידולי תרומה תרומה בגידולי גידולין קאמרינן הא נמי תנינא גידולי גידולין חולין הא קא משמע לן אפילו בדבר שאין זרעו כלה

permitted neutralize the prohibition? But didn’t we learn in a mishna: The growths of teruma are teruma, indicating that they do not neutralize the prohibition of the original part of the plant? The Gemara answers: We are speaking of the growths of growths. Rabbi Yannai permits the teruma, not due to the majority of direct growths of teruma; he permitted it due to the majority of growths that sprouted from its growths. The Gemara asks: We already learned that too: The status of growths of growths of teruma is that of non-sacred produce. The Gemara answers: This teaches us that the growths of growths are permitted even in items whose seeds do not cease, e. g., onions.

והתנן הטבל גידוליו מותרין בדבר שזרעו כלה אבל דבר שאין זרעו כלה גידולי גידולין אסורין רבויא דרבו גידולין על עיקרו מותר קא משמע לן

The Gemara asks: But didn’t we learn in a mishna: With regard to untithed produce, its growths are permitted in items whose seeds cease; however, concerning items whose seeds do not cease, the growths of growths are forbidden. The Gemara answers: It teaches us that if the increase of the growths of growths exceeded its primary, original part, that original part is permitted.

הדרן עלך הנודר מן הירק

מתני׳ קונם יין שאני טועם היום אינו אסור אלא עד שתחשך שבת זו אסור בכל השבת ושבת שעברה חדש זה אסור בכל החדש וראש חדש להבא

MISHNA: If one vows: Wine is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam], and for that reason I will not taste it today, he is prohibited from drinking wine only until the conclusion of that day at nightfall, and not for a twenty-four hour period. If one vows not to drink wine this week, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the week. And as Shabbat is considered part of the week that passed, i. e., it is the end of the week, he is prohibited from drinking wine on the upcoming Shabbat. If one vows not to drink wine this month, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the month; and as the New Moon of the following month is considered part of the next month, he is permitted to drink wine on that day.

שנה זו אסור בכל השנה וראש השנה לעתיד לבא שבוע זה אסור בכל השבוע ושביעית שעברה

If he vowed not to drink wine this year, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the year; and as Rosh HaShana is considered to be part of the upcoming year, not the current one, he is permitted to drink wine on that day. If he vowed not to drink wine during this seven-year Sabbatical cycle, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the seven-year cycle; and as the Sabbatical Year is considered part of the cycle that passed, he is prohibited from drinking wine during the upcoming Sabbatical Year.

ואם אמר יום אחד שבת אחת חדש אחד שנה אחת שבוע אחד אסור מיום ליום

All this applies if he said that he would not drink wine on this day or this week, but if he said that wine is forbidden to him for one day, or one week, or one month, or one year, or one seven-year cycle, he is prohibited from drinking wine from the day and time he took the vow to the same time the next day, or week, etc.

עד הפסח אסור עד שיגיע עד שיהא אסור עד שיצא עד לפני הפסח רבי מאיר אומר אסור עד שיגיע רבי יוסי אומר אסור עד שיצא

If he takes a vow that wine is forbidden to him until Passover, it is forbidden to him until Passover arrives. If he said: Until it will be Passover, it is forbidden to him until Passover ends, as he may have intended for the vow to apply as long as it was still Passover ( Rosh ). If he said: Until before Passover, Rabbi Meir says: It is forbidden to him until Passover arrives. Rabbi Yosei says: It is forbidden to him until it ends.

גמ׳ קונם יין שאני טועם כו׳ אמר רבי ירמיה לכשתחשך צריך שאלה לחכם

GEMARA: We learned in the mishna that if one says: Wine is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam], and for that reason I will not taste it today, he is prohibited from drinking wine only until nightfall. Rabbi Yirmeya said: Even when darkness falls he is not permitted to drink wine immediately; rather, he is required to request that a halakhic authority dissolve his vow.

מאי טעמא אמר רב יוסף גזירה היום משום יום אחד

The Gemara poses a question: What is the reason that he must request the dissolution of the vow once it has already expired? The Gemara answers that Rav Yosef said: The Sages issued a rabbinic decree in the case of one who said that his vow applies today, due to the confusion that might be caused in a case where one said that his vow applies for one day, and is therefore forbidden to drink wine for twenty-four hours. There is a concern that if one who said that his vow applies today is permitted to drink wine that night, one who took a vow for one day will think that his vow also expires as soon as it is nightfall.